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How to Identify American-Made Vehicles: A Simple Guide to Reading a VIN
The Vehicle Identification Number, or VIN for short, is a unique string of letters and numbers that can tell you a lot about your car or a vehicle you’re about to purchase. Knowing how to read a VIN will give you insight into a vehicle’s origin, manufacturer, and various specifications. For those interested in finding out if a car is American-made, the VIN reveals information about the country of manufacture and even the assembly plant. In this guide, I’ll walk you through the process of reading a VIN so you’ll know for sure if a car was made in the USA.
What is a VIN?
Like a fingerprint, no two VINs are alike. The Vehicle Identification Number (VIN) is a 17-character code used to identify vehicles. It’s like a social security number for your car, truck, or motorcycle and provides details about the make, model, engine type, place of manufacture, and production year. A VIN is located on all vehicles produced for the American market regardless of the country in which it is manufactured.
Locating the VIN
The VIN is located on a plate or sticker attached to a vehicle, as well as on important documents related to a vehicle. It can typically be found in the following places:
- Dashboard: On the driver’s side dashboard, near the windshield.
- Driver’s Side Door: A sticker or plate on the driver’s side door jamb.
- Engine: Stamped or engraved on the engine’s firewall.
- Vehicle Title: Printed on your vehicle title and registration.
- Insurance Documents: Printed on the policy and insurance card.
Understanding the Structure of A VIN
A VIN is split into three sections that provide specific details and reveal if a vehicle is made in the USA.
- World Manufacturer Identifier (WMI)
- Vehicle Descriptor Section (VDS)
- Vehicle Identifier Section (VIS)
WMI: The World Manufacturer Identifier
The first three characters of the VIN are the WMI. They tell you about the manufacturer and the country where the vehicle was built. The first digit tells you the country of origin and whether a vehicle is made in the USA. The second and third characters provide details about the manufacturer.
First Character: Identifies the Country of Origin
The first digit of a VIN provides the essential information to determine if a vehicle is American-made. Here’s a list of the characters and corresponding countries:
- 1, 4, or 5: United States
- 2: Canada
- 3: Mexico
- J: Japan
- K: Korea
- L: China
- S: United Kingdom
- W: Germany
- Y: Sweden or Finland
A made in USA VIN always begins with 1, 4, or 5 and confirms a vehicle was manufactured in the United States.
Second Character: Represents the Manufacturer
The second character identifies the vehicle’s manufacturer, more commonly called the “make” of the vehicle. Here is a list of American car companies who offer UAW built vehicles:
- C: Chrysler
- F: Ford
- G: General Motors
Third Character: Indicates the Vehicle Type or Manufacturing Division
The third digit provides the manufacturing division and can reveal the type of vehicle. For example, it may reveal it’s a Chevrolet, which is a division of General Motors (GM), and if it’s a car, truck, or SUV.
Together, the first three characters of a VIN tell you the vehicle’s country of origin and information about the manufacturer. If the first character is a 1, 4, or 5, the vehicle was made in the USA.
Reading a VIN to see if a car or truck is American-made is easy enough! But since you’re here, why don’t we go ahead and see what else we can learn about our vehicles from the VIN?
VDS: The Vehicle Descriptor Section
The next six characters (positions 4-9) represent the vehicle’s model, body style, engine type, and other features.
- Characters 4-8: These characters specify the model, series, body type, engine type, and essential specifications.
- Character 9: Character nine is called the “check digit.” It’s used to validate that a VIN is accurate and legitimate.
While the vehicle descriptor section doesn’t tell you if a vehicle is American-made, it’s important for understanding its features and capabilities.
VIS: The Vehicle Identifier Section
The final eight characters of the VIN (positions 10-17) identify the vehicle’s production year, assembly plant, and serial number. Here’s what to look for:
- Character 10: This digit indicates the production year. For example, the letter L represents the year 2020, and the letter S represents the year 2025.
- Character 11: The 11th character identifies the assembly plant where an American-made car is built. Each manufacturer has its own set of plant codes.
- Characters 12-17: This section is a vehicle’s serial number which is unique to each vehicle. No two serial numbers are the same.
When you know how to decode a VIN, you can easily determine if a vehicle is made in the USA and ensure you’re supporting American-made products.
How to Spot American-Made Vehicles by Brand
Some vehicles are synonymous with American manufacturing. While many have assembly plants worldwide, these iconic automakers, known as the big three, produce a significant portion of their vehicles in the United States, and when you buy an American-made model, you reinforce to these companies that you support American workers and domestic production. Always look for the 1, 4, or 5 in the first digit of a VIN to be sure you’re buying an American-made car, truck, or SUV.
Ford
Ford is a leading manufacturer of American-built cars and trucks. Ford has assembly plants in California, Illinois, Kentucky, Michigan, Missouri, and Ohio.
General Motors (GM)
General Motors vehicles include Chevrolet, GMC, Cadillac, and Buick. Numerous GM cars, trucks, and SUVs are made in the USA. GM has assembly plants in Kansas, Kentucky, Michigan, and Tennessee.
Chrysler
Chrysler, which owns Dodge and Jeep, also manufactures many of its vehicles in the United States. The five largest Chrysler assembly plants in the United States are in Illinois, Indiana, Michigan, and Ohio.
The Benefits of Driving an American-Made Car or Truck
While I have you, here are just a few benefits of buying American-made cars and trucks.
- American Jobs: When you buy a car made in the U.S.A., you support American jobs and industries. Ford alone employs 177,000 Americans (2023 data).
- Improved Infrastructure: When Americans have jobs, they pay taxes. Those taxes pay for schools, libraries, roads, etc. Employees in foreign countries don’t pay U.S. taxes.
- Reduced Carbon Footprint: Vehicles built here at home require less shipping, which helps reduce your carbon footprint by cutting down on fuel consumption and emissions.
Whether you want to support the U.S. economy or are passionate about reducing your carbon footprint, driving an American-made vehicle is an impactful way to make a difference. Now that you can spot a made in USA VIN, you’ll always know for sure you’re driving an American-made car or truck.
